I: Initial Concentration
C: Change
E: Equilibrium
Thursday, February 25, 2016
ICE Box Reaction
An ICE Box is a table that is used for equilibrium calculations when we are given starting concentrations for chemicals. The starting concentrations have to be changed to equilibrium concentrations before they can be used in an equilibrium expression.
I: Initial Concentration
C: Change
E: Equilibrium
I: Initial Concentration
C: Change
E: Equilibrium
Tuesday, February 23, 2016
Equality for Women
Still Enduring: Equity Feminism for the Next Generation
Webster defines feminism as both "the theory of the political, economic, and social equality of the sexes" and "organized activity on the behalf of women's rights and interests" (Webster 418). Equality of the sexes (in terms of rights) and the furthering of women's rights are seemingly positive aspirations; yet people tend to describe feminism using negative terms, and feminism today has acquired a bad reputation. "Radical" and "extremists" are adjectives commonly applied to feminism as a whole, when, in truth, feminists who adopt extreme positions constitute the minority. Moreover, these "gender feminists," or "militant feminists," as many call them, although they receive the most public attention because of their aggressive tactics and high visibility, alienate people in broadcasting their views. Their goal, to create a "sentimental priesthood" that will achieve collective power and retribution as oppressed "victims" of a white-male supremacy, seems unreasonable (Himmelfarb 20). In contrast, "equity feminists," or "academic feminists," embrace the basic principles of feminism. They celebrate women's achievements, work for the individual rights of all women, and, as Christina Hoff Sommers aptly says, "want for women what they want for everyone, equal protection under the law" (Himmelfarb 20). Though not all feminists agree on how to reach this goal, most argue for a reasonable, realistic, and positive method. By contrasting the differing feminist ideas of writers like Adrienne Rich, Gertrude Himmelfarb, and Camille Paglia, one defines a winning brand of feminism: a philosophy founded on equity feminist ideology and dedicated to the achievement of social, political, economic, and intellectual reform.
David Thomas and Camille Paglia, two contemporary cultural critics concerned with gender issues, share the belief that men and boys have aggressive tendencies that women must learn to understand and live with. Thomas, in his essay "The Mind of Man," asserts that women should accept boys' nature: "Boys are not on the whole, docile creatures who wish to live in harmony with one another, but are, instead, highly competitive, physically energetic creatures who hunt in packs" (341). Paglia shares this view: "There are some things we cannot change...hunt, pursuit, and capture are biologically programmed into male sexuality. Generation after generation, men must be educated, refined, and ethically persuaded away from their tendency toward brutishness" (50-51). Because Paglia believes that man's nature is inherently aggressive and poses a danger to women, she maintains that feminism of the academic type gives women a false sense of equality and ease. To her, women are "vulnerable and defenseless" and need not waste time pretending that they live in a world where they can enjoy the same freedoms and opportunities as men (50). She disagrees with militant feminist ideology that favors "consciousness-raising" sessions and bonding together for power, and that treats women as "victims" of a male-dominated society. At the same time, she views academic feminists as naive for believing people are the products of their environment (50).
One can easily argue against the above brand of feminism. In the first place, Paglia cannot assume that men differ so radically from women, especially in a biological sense. One source reports that "[t]here is no research showing any gender differences in IQ," and also "there is very little information on any other inborn characteristics that may be identified as distinctly male or female" (Kelly 150, 146). Of course, biological differences do exist between the sexes; men innately have more strength than do women, and as Thomas points out, "The sexes differ in the types of mental tasks at which they excel" (338). Studies show, for example, that males have an aptitude for rotating three-dimensional objects in their heads, while women have better verbal skills. Nonetheless, many apparent differences between men and women--their contrasting skills, interests, attitudes, and personalities--stem from the family environment they grow up in, the people they associate with in their youth, and the influence of society in general. Research shows that boys and girls receive vastly different treatment beginning almost immediately after birth. Anthropologist Adamson Hoebel notes that "a major factor in the development of the child as a person is the accumulation of innumerable pressures, most of them subtle, others not so subtle, that shape his images and his feel for the surrounding world. He strives to act in accordance with these understandings" (38).
In the same way, society and culture subtly enforce stereotypes of how boys, men, girls, and women should act and think. Observes Gary Kelly, author of Sexuality Today, "The media play a major role in how women and men are portrayed in our culture. On television...the images of both men and women tend to be stereotypical and traditional. It is clear that some cultural messages emphasizing inequalities between men and women are still being given to children as they grow up" (156). Thus, by the time a person reaches adulthood, family and community together have had a large part in shaping his/her identity and perception of the world. And if people's biases, stereotypes, and attitudes result from their environment, then contrary to the beliefs of Thomas and Paglia, society has the power to change the type of men and women it produces. Women should never accept less freedom and security than men demand. Admittedly, the world will always contain men who use their advantage of strength to harm women, but women should not let this knowledge limit them. Instead, they should view the world realistically and use common sense in potentially dangerous situations. Like men, women can and should pursue formidable goals and overcome the challenges involved. A brand of feminism like Paglia's, that supports the idea that women are in constant danger and restricts their opportunities, is self-defeating. It breeds mistrust and fear of men and consequently promotes a feeling of inferiority among women.
Similarly, gender feminist thought is unrealistic and misguided. According to Sommers, in her Figuring Out Feminism, "Equity feminists point with pride to the gains women have made toward achieving parity in the workplace," whereas gender feminists disparage these gains and talk about "backlash" (334). This gender feminist attitude seems contradictory in a time when people should recognize and celebrate the accomplishments of women. Of course, gender feminists describe society as "a patriarchy, a `male hegemony'...in which the dominant gender works to keep women cowering and submissive" (Sommers 331). However, part of their belief about women's low position depends on misquoted "facts" and other faulty evidence. They argue that women's eating disorders "are an inevitable consequence of a misogynistic society that demeans women...by objectifying their bodies" (328). Many times, however, the movie and fashion industry's portrayal of women isn't the cause of eating disorders. Anorexia, for example, stems from a chemical imbalance that translates into a negative mind-set and an unrealistic drive to please others at one's own expense. Psychologist and author of Secret Language of Eating Disorders, Peggy Claude-Pierre asserts that "With this mind-set in place, the slide toward eating disorders can easily be triggered by family problems, sexual abuse, a breakup, or typical teenage angst. Anorexics turn away from food unconsciously because food is life and their negative minds tell them that they don't deserve to live" (222).
Moreover, gender feminists constantly look for ways to convince others that society is male-dominated and rigged against women, and that they have a right to retribution. Says Gertrude Himmelfarb in her article, "A Sentimental Priesthood," gender feminists believe that "[i]f women are victims generically, by the same token men are culprits generically...Each man is inherently and potentially guilty...by virtue of being a man" (20). Equality feminists, by contrast, declare that women will get nowhere by the gaining of power, or by relying on the past for guidance as Adrienne Rich champions in her essay, "What Does a Woman Need to Know?" Women should not seek to overpower men and "punish" them for generations of oppression. They must instead understand that they cannot rightfully blame today's men for biases, attitudes, and traditions that people have passed down since the first established societies, or for the sexist sins of their ancestors. Gender feminists might respond that all men share the accumulated guilt that they inherited from their forefathers. But this argument relies on a distorted interpretation of the past. Instead of taking the "dimmest view of the past" as the gender feminists do, John Ellis takes a sensible approach to reform. He asserts, "successful reform requires that the past be viewed in a sober and accurate way" (65). The past should serve solely to illuminate the achievements and mistakes of previous reformers. Feminists must realize that they can only change the current trend by acknowledging the past and focusing on the future. Women as individuals should continue to challenge social and political structures in reaching their full potential, but they must look ahead to educate the next generation and instill in them new ideas in order for intellectual reform to occur. Intellectual reform establishes a basis for progress, and only when it prevails can bigotry and social and political injustice cease to exist, not just for women, but for all people.
As the twenty-first century looms closer, equity feminists, the same breed that began the "women's movement" over one-hundred years ago, emerge as the best choice to lead modern feminism into its next stage. The coming years represent a critical time for equity feminists. Though they feel confident and encouraged about the progress already made on women's behalf, they realize that they need more support to accomplish equal partnership with men and a realization of men's opportunities and rights. Gender feminists and similar feminist groups make these aspirations more difficult. They mask sensible goals of feminism by "constantly raising the stakes," and seeking "not mere reform or revision...but revolution" (Himmelfarb 20). In this way, they isolate themselves and lose support among both men and women for the entire feminist cause. John Ellis concludes that gender feminism "poisons relations between the sexes, and catapults into leadership roles in the women's movement angry, alienated women who divert that movement from the necessary task of exploring feasible changes" (74). People need to know that feminism, based on its essential ideals and goals, has broad appeal, and that they should not dismiss it because of a specific sector. They must look beyond the extremists to find a branch of feminism that welcomes all people and focuses on a positive and reasonable goal: a society that affords everyone the opportunity and right under the law to reach his or her potential.
Works Cited
Claude-Pierre, Peggy. "The Miracle Worker." Cosmopolitan October 1997: 221-223.
Ellis, John M. Literature Lost. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997.
Himmelfarb, Gertrude. "A Sentimental Priesthood: The Aggressive Tactics of `gender feminists'" TLS 11 November 1994, 20.
Hoebel, E. Adamson. Anthropology: The Study of Man. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1972.
Kelly, Gary F. Sexuality Today: The Human Perspective. Guilford, Connecticutt: The Dushkin Publishing Group, 1992.
Paglia, Camille. Sex, Art, and American Culture. New York: Vintage Books, 1992.
Rich, Adrienne. "What Does a Woman Need to Know?" The Presenceof Others: Voices that Call for Response. Eds. Andrea Lunsford and John J. Ruszkiewicz. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1997. 44-50.
Sommers, Christine Hoff. "Figuring Out Feminism." The Presence of Others: Voices that Call for Response. Eds. Andrea Lunsford and John J. Ruszkiewicz. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1997. 328-335.
Thomas, David. "The Mind of Man." The Presence of Others: Voices that Call for Response. Eds. Andrea Lunsford and John J. Ruszkiewicz. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1997. 337-342.
Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary. Springfield, Mass: G. & C. Merriam Co, 1981
Webster defines feminism as both "the theory of the political, economic, and social equality of the sexes" and "organized activity on the behalf of women's rights and interests" (Webster 418). Equality of the sexes (in terms of rights) and the furthering of women's rights are seemingly positive aspirations; yet people tend to describe feminism using negative terms, and feminism today has acquired a bad reputation. "Radical" and "extremists" are adjectives commonly applied to feminism as a whole, when, in truth, feminists who adopt extreme positions constitute the minority. Moreover, these "gender feminists," or "militant feminists," as many call them, although they receive the most public attention because of their aggressive tactics and high visibility, alienate people in broadcasting their views. Their goal, to create a "sentimental priesthood" that will achieve collective power and retribution as oppressed "victims" of a white-male supremacy, seems unreasonable (Himmelfarb 20). In contrast, "equity feminists," or "academic feminists," embrace the basic principles of feminism. They celebrate women's achievements, work for the individual rights of all women, and, as Christina Hoff Sommers aptly says, "want for women what they want for everyone, equal protection under the law" (Himmelfarb 20). Though not all feminists agree on how to reach this goal, most argue for a reasonable, realistic, and positive method. By contrasting the differing feminist ideas of writers like Adrienne Rich, Gertrude Himmelfarb, and Camille Paglia, one defines a winning brand of feminism: a philosophy founded on equity feminist ideology and dedicated to the achievement of social, political, economic, and intellectual reform.
David Thomas and Camille Paglia, two contemporary cultural critics concerned with gender issues, share the belief that men and boys have aggressive tendencies that women must learn to understand and live with. Thomas, in his essay "The Mind of Man," asserts that women should accept boys' nature: "Boys are not on the whole, docile creatures who wish to live in harmony with one another, but are, instead, highly competitive, physically energetic creatures who hunt in packs" (341). Paglia shares this view: "There are some things we cannot change...hunt, pursuit, and capture are biologically programmed into male sexuality. Generation after generation, men must be educated, refined, and ethically persuaded away from their tendency toward brutishness" (50-51). Because Paglia believes that man's nature is inherently aggressive and poses a danger to women, she maintains that feminism of the academic type gives women a false sense of equality and ease. To her, women are "vulnerable and defenseless" and need not waste time pretending that they live in a world where they can enjoy the same freedoms and opportunities as men (50). She disagrees with militant feminist ideology that favors "consciousness-raising" sessions and bonding together for power, and that treats women as "victims" of a male-dominated society. At the same time, she views academic feminists as naive for believing people are the products of their environment (50).
One can easily argue against the above brand of feminism. In the first place, Paglia cannot assume that men differ so radically from women, especially in a biological sense. One source reports that "[t]here is no research showing any gender differences in IQ," and also "there is very little information on any other inborn characteristics that may be identified as distinctly male or female" (Kelly 150, 146). Of course, biological differences do exist between the sexes; men innately have more strength than do women, and as Thomas points out, "The sexes differ in the types of mental tasks at which they excel" (338). Studies show, for example, that males have an aptitude for rotating three-dimensional objects in their heads, while women have better verbal skills. Nonetheless, many apparent differences between men and women--their contrasting skills, interests, attitudes, and personalities--stem from the family environment they grow up in, the people they associate with in their youth, and the influence of society in general. Research shows that boys and girls receive vastly different treatment beginning almost immediately after birth. Anthropologist Adamson Hoebel notes that "a major factor in the development of the child as a person is the accumulation of innumerable pressures, most of them subtle, others not so subtle, that shape his images and his feel for the surrounding world. He strives to act in accordance with these understandings" (38).
In the same way, society and culture subtly enforce stereotypes of how boys, men, girls, and women should act and think. Observes Gary Kelly, author of Sexuality Today, "The media play a major role in how women and men are portrayed in our culture. On television...the images of both men and women tend to be stereotypical and traditional. It is clear that some cultural messages emphasizing inequalities between men and women are still being given to children as they grow up" (156). Thus, by the time a person reaches adulthood, family and community together have had a large part in shaping his/her identity and perception of the world. And if people's biases, stereotypes, and attitudes result from their environment, then contrary to the beliefs of Thomas and Paglia, society has the power to change the type of men and women it produces. Women should never accept less freedom and security than men demand. Admittedly, the world will always contain men who use their advantage of strength to harm women, but women should not let this knowledge limit them. Instead, they should view the world realistically and use common sense in potentially dangerous situations. Like men, women can and should pursue formidable goals and overcome the challenges involved. A brand of feminism like Paglia's, that supports the idea that women are in constant danger and restricts their opportunities, is self-defeating. It breeds mistrust and fear of men and consequently promotes a feeling of inferiority among women.
Similarly, gender feminist thought is unrealistic and misguided. According to Sommers, in her Figuring Out Feminism, "Equity feminists point with pride to the gains women have made toward achieving parity in the workplace," whereas gender feminists disparage these gains and talk about "backlash" (334). This gender feminist attitude seems contradictory in a time when people should recognize and celebrate the accomplishments of women. Of course, gender feminists describe society as "a patriarchy, a `male hegemony'...in which the dominant gender works to keep women cowering and submissive" (Sommers 331). However, part of their belief about women's low position depends on misquoted "facts" and other faulty evidence. They argue that women's eating disorders "are an inevitable consequence of a misogynistic society that demeans women...by objectifying their bodies" (328). Many times, however, the movie and fashion industry's portrayal of women isn't the cause of eating disorders. Anorexia, for example, stems from a chemical imbalance that translates into a negative mind-set and an unrealistic drive to please others at one's own expense. Psychologist and author of Secret Language of Eating Disorders, Peggy Claude-Pierre asserts that "With this mind-set in place, the slide toward eating disorders can easily be triggered by family problems, sexual abuse, a breakup, or typical teenage angst. Anorexics turn away from food unconsciously because food is life and their negative minds tell them that they don't deserve to live" (222).
Moreover, gender feminists constantly look for ways to convince others that society is male-dominated and rigged against women, and that they have a right to retribution. Says Gertrude Himmelfarb in her article, "A Sentimental Priesthood," gender feminists believe that "[i]f women are victims generically, by the same token men are culprits generically...Each man is inherently and potentially guilty...by virtue of being a man" (20). Equality feminists, by contrast, declare that women will get nowhere by the gaining of power, or by relying on the past for guidance as Adrienne Rich champions in her essay, "What Does a Woman Need to Know?" Women should not seek to overpower men and "punish" them for generations of oppression. They must instead understand that they cannot rightfully blame today's men for biases, attitudes, and traditions that people have passed down since the first established societies, or for the sexist sins of their ancestors. Gender feminists might respond that all men share the accumulated guilt that they inherited from their forefathers. But this argument relies on a distorted interpretation of the past. Instead of taking the "dimmest view of the past" as the gender feminists do, John Ellis takes a sensible approach to reform. He asserts, "successful reform requires that the past be viewed in a sober and accurate way" (65). The past should serve solely to illuminate the achievements and mistakes of previous reformers. Feminists must realize that they can only change the current trend by acknowledging the past and focusing on the future. Women as individuals should continue to challenge social and political structures in reaching their full potential, but they must look ahead to educate the next generation and instill in them new ideas in order for intellectual reform to occur. Intellectual reform establishes a basis for progress, and only when it prevails can bigotry and social and political injustice cease to exist, not just for women, but for all people.
As the twenty-first century looms closer, equity feminists, the same breed that began the "women's movement" over one-hundred years ago, emerge as the best choice to lead modern feminism into its next stage. The coming years represent a critical time for equity feminists. Though they feel confident and encouraged about the progress already made on women's behalf, they realize that they need more support to accomplish equal partnership with men and a realization of men's opportunities and rights. Gender feminists and similar feminist groups make these aspirations more difficult. They mask sensible goals of feminism by "constantly raising the stakes," and seeking "not mere reform or revision...but revolution" (Himmelfarb 20). In this way, they isolate themselves and lose support among both men and women for the entire feminist cause. John Ellis concludes that gender feminism "poisons relations between the sexes, and catapults into leadership roles in the women's movement angry, alienated women who divert that movement from the necessary task of exploring feasible changes" (74). People need to know that feminism, based on its essential ideals and goals, has broad appeal, and that they should not dismiss it because of a specific sector. They must look beyond the extremists to find a branch of feminism that welcomes all people and focuses on a positive and reasonable goal: a society that affords everyone the opportunity and right under the law to reach his or her potential.
Works Cited
Claude-Pierre, Peggy. "The Miracle Worker." Cosmopolitan October 1997: 221-223.
Ellis, John M. Literature Lost. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997.
Himmelfarb, Gertrude. "A Sentimental Priesthood: The Aggressive Tactics of `gender feminists'" TLS 11 November 1994, 20.
Hoebel, E. Adamson. Anthropology: The Study of Man. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1972.
Kelly, Gary F. Sexuality Today: The Human Perspective. Guilford, Connecticutt: The Dushkin Publishing Group, 1992.
Paglia, Camille. Sex, Art, and American Culture. New York: Vintage Books, 1992.
Rich, Adrienne. "What Does a Woman Need to Know?" The Presenceof Others: Voices that Call for Response. Eds. Andrea Lunsford and John J. Ruszkiewicz. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1997. 44-50.
Sommers, Christine Hoff. "Figuring Out Feminism." The Presence of Others: Voices that Call for Response. Eds. Andrea Lunsford and John J. Ruszkiewicz. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1997. 328-335.
Thomas, David. "The Mind of Man." The Presence of Others: Voices that Call for Response. Eds. Andrea Lunsford and John J. Ruszkiewicz. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1997. 337-342.
Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary. Springfield, Mass: G. & C. Merriam Co, 1981
Why I am a Feminist
For many hundreds of years, women have strived for gaining equality with men. They have been held back and their opportunities taken away from them because of the fact that they were women. Feminism is the belief in social, political, and economic equality of the sexes. And it is the feminist movement that has been trying to give these rights to women who have been deprived of their equality and privileges that men have never given them. I believe that women have every right to be equal with men and feminism is what is slowly accomplishing this. Feminism is beneficial to men, women, and their families because it is allowing mothers, daughters, and sisters to have an equal opportunity in life to achieve all they can without any discrimination based on their sex. It is a human right to be equal to others around you and it does not matter if you are male or female. They should both receive the same opportunities and privileges given in life and feminism helps women accomplish this task of equality.
Feminism is allowing women to expand their careers and businesses that they never were able to have before. Women now have power in government and they hold high and powerful jobs. They have gained their independence from a male dominated society and are rising to become less dependent on their husbands for financial support. Many women are now even managing their own families, without the help or support of a man. Men are also being helped because their wives are now able to help with financial needs; they aren ˜t depended on for the only source of income for their family anymore. Feminism is allowing women to have better high paying jobs that are allowing them to have greater incomes.
Why I Need Feminism
Women if you want to realize yourselves-you are on the eve of a devastating psychological upheaval-all your pet illusions must be unmasked—the lies of centuries have got to go—are you prepared for the Wrench–? There is no half-measure—NO scratching on the surface of the rubbish heap of tradition, will bring about Reform, the only method is Absolute Demolition
Cease to place your confidence in economic legislation, vise-crusades & uniform education-you are glossing over Reality.
Professional & commercial careers are opening up for you—
Is that all you want?
Is that all you want?
And if you honestly desire to find your level without prejudice—be Brave & deny at the outset—that pathetic clap-trap war cry Woman is the equal of man-
For
She is NOT
For
She is NOT
The man who lives a life in which his activities conform to a social code which is protectorate of the feminine element—–is no longer masculine
The women who adapt themselves to a theoretical valuation of their sex as a relative impersonality, are not yet Feminine
Leave off looking to men to find out what you are not —–seek within yourselves to find out what you are
As conditions are at present constituted—you have the choice between Parasitism, & Prostitution —-or Negation
Men & women are enemies, with the enmity of the exploited for the parasite, the parasite for the exploited—at present they re at the mercy of the advantage that each can take the others sexual dependence—-. The only point at which the interests of the sexes merge—is the sexual embrace.
The first illusion it is to your interest to demolish of women into two classes the mistress, & the mother every well-balanced & developed woman knows that is not true. Nature has endowed the complete functions—-there are no restrictions on the woman who is so incompletely evolved as to be un-self-conscious in sex, will prove a restrictive influence on the temperamental expansion of the next generation; the woman who is a poor mistress will be an incompetent mother—an inferior mentality—& will enjoy an inadequate apprehension of Life.
To obtain results you must make sacrifices & the first and greatest sacrifice you have to make is of your ”virtue”
The fictitious value of a woman as identified with her physical purity—is too easy to stand-by—rendering her lethargic in the acquisition of intrinsic merits of character by which she could obtain a concrete value—-therefore, the fist self-enforced law for the female sex, as a protection of the man made bogey of virtue—which is the principal instrument of her subjection, would be the unconditional surgical destruction of virginity through-out the female population at puberty—-.
The value of man is assessed entirely according to his use or interest to the community, the value of woman depends entirely on chance, her success or in success in maneuvering a man into taking the life-long responsibility of her—
The advantages of marriage are too ridiculously ample—
Compared to all other trades—for under modern conditions a woman can accept preposterously luxurious support from a man (with-out the return of an sort—even offspring)—as a thank offering for her virginity.
Compared to all other trades—for under modern conditions a woman can accept preposterously luxurious support from a man (with-out the return of an sort—even offspring)—as a thank offering for her virginity.
The woman who has not succeeded in striking that advantageous bargin—-is prohibited from any but surreptitious re-action to Life-stimuli—-&entirely debarred maternity.
Every woman has a right to maternity—-
Every woman has a right to maternity—-
Every woman of superior intelligence should realize her race-responsibility, in producing children in adequate proportion to the unfit or degenerate members of her sex—-
Each child of a superior woman should be the result f a definite period of psychic development in her life—-& and not necessarily of a possible irksome & outworn continuance of an alliance—spontaneously adapted for vital creation n the beginning but not necessarily harmoniously balanced as evolution.
For the harmony of race, each individual should be the expression of an easy & ample interpenetration of th male & female temperaments—free of stress
Woman must become more responsible for the child than man—-
Woman must destroy in themselves, the desire to be loved—
Woman must become more responsible for the child than man—-
Woman must destroy in themselves, the desire to be loved—
The feeling that it is a personal insult when a man transfers his attention from her to another woman
The desire for comfortable protection instead of an intelligent curiosity & courage in meeting & resisting the pressure of life sex or so called love must be reduced to its initial element, honour, grief, sentimentality, pride and & consequently jealousy must be detached from it.
Woman for her happiness must retain her deceptive fragility of appearance, combined with indomitable will, irreducible courage, & abundant health the outcome of sound nerves—
Another great illusion is that woman must use all her introspective and clear-sightedness & unbiased bravery to destroy—for the sake of her self respect is the impurity of sex the realization in defiance of superstition that there is nothing impure in sex—except in the mental attitude to it—will constitute an incalculable & wider social regeneration than it is possible for our generation to imagine.
Woman for her happiness must retain her deceptive fragility of appearance, combined with indomitable will, irreducible courage, & abundant health the outcome of sound nerves—
Another great illusion is that woman must use all her introspective and clear-sightedness & unbiased bravery to destroy—for the sake of her self respect is the impurity of sex the realization in defiance of superstition that there is nothing impure in sex—except in the mental attitude to it—will constitute an incalculable & wider social regeneration than it is possible for our generation to imagine.
HEAVY METAL LAB
There are so many styles of music that there almost seems to be one for everyone. Music is an aspect of our lives we seldom think about, but which has a great affect on us. As people discuss music, the most controversial always seems to be Heavy Metal. Some people argue that Heavy Metal corrupts youth and instills the desire for death or to commit a crime. While I cannot argue that Heavy Metal has some dark lyrics, I do argue with the fact that it affects people in these types of ways. In this essay I will address the issues of teen suicide, negative moods, and damaged or broken homes, all of which have been attributed to Heavy Metal.
Many parents of teens that have committed suicide after listening to Heavy Metal music see the music as the one to blame. I believe that the parents are far more to blame than the music. Many parents do not enjoy Heavy Metal and either do not allow their children to listen to it, or constantly yell at them for listening to it. Looking at it from the other side, this yelling, if preempting the music may cause the child to start listening to this type of music to feel better. Heavy Metal is definitely not meant to be interpreted literally. If the person listening to it already has issues, then the music may compound them. While the general consensus is that there may be a link between music and suicide, there is no empirical link between the two. (Effects of Rap Online)
Another issue many people have with Heavy Metal is the negative moods it brings on. While it is dark and gloomy, it is also firmly based in fantasy. (Effects of Heavy Online)
If a person's mood is changed dramatically from music based in fantasy, they probably already have issues. One study found that verbal or non-physical abuse was higher in the test that used Heavy Metal. However, I would like to point out that it was non-physical; they did not physically harm anyone. People have the freedom of speech.
Monday, February 15, 2016
pH and pOH
The relation ship mathematically between pH and pOH is very simple. All you have to do is add or negate 14 so that it gives the opposite on the acidic scale. This is very easy because pH scale is the exact opposite of the pOH scale. However getting between pH and H+ is a little different. You can use pH = -log [H+] to get the H+ concentration. Now for the pOH to OH- concentration can be done by pOH = -log [OH-] Knowing these 3 facts make it possible to get any concentration very easily.
Acids and Bases
So there are some types of bases and I figured I should do a blog about the different types.
Arrhenius Acids: Produces H+ Ions in aqueous solutions
Arrhenius Bases: Produces HO- Ions in aqueous solutions
Bronsted-Lowry Acids: Proton H+ Donor
Bronsted-Lowry Bases: Proton H+ Acceptor
(Only with Conjugate Acid/Base Pairs)
Acids will produce Conjugate Bases and Bases will produce Conjugate Acids. So an Acid gives up a H+ proton which makes the left over acid a base, and then the opposite is also true.
Arrhenius Acids: Produces H+ Ions in aqueous solutions
Arrhenius Bases: Produces HO- Ions in aqueous solutions
Bronsted-Lowry Acids: Proton H+ Donor
Bronsted-Lowry Bases: Proton H+ Acceptor
(Only with Conjugate Acid/Base Pairs)
Acids will produce Conjugate Bases and Bases will produce Conjugate Acids. So an Acid gives up a H+ proton which makes the left over acid a base, and then the opposite is also true.
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